Important
Events
Mahmud Ghaznavi (977 - 1030)
Mahmud
ghaznavi was the Muslim ruler of ghazni who gained fame by raiding India on
seventeem times from 1000 to 1027 A.D. On each occasion he defeated Hindu kings
and returned to Ghazni with enormous wealth.He is the person who bring Islam in
sub-continent by capturing the Sommnath.
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi (RA)
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi was a Muslim saint and
scholar who flourished during the reigns of Akbar and Jahangir. He differed
with etheistic view of Sheikh Mubarak and his sons Faizi and Abul Fazl.Jahangir
imprisoned him for his religious activities but released him shortly afterwards.
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi propounded the doctrine of Wahdatul Shahud which
successfully countered the Bhakti philosophy of Wahdatul Wujud.
Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-26)
Ibrahim
Lodhi was the last lodhi sultan of Delhi. He was defeated by Babur in the First
Battle of Panipat in 1526.
MUGHAL EMPIRE
After
defeating the Ibrahim lodhi, The Mughal Empire had been came in existence by
Zahir-ul-din Babur
1. Zahir-ul-din Babur
2. Humayun
3. Akber
4. Jahangir
5. Shahjahan
6. Orangzeb alamgir
7. Bhadur Shah ZafarDownfall of Muslim rule (CAUSES)
1. Ignorance of
religious beliefs
2. Lack of solidarity
3. Centralization of mughul Administration
4. No law of
succession
5. Weakness of Character
6. Educational Decline
7. Military weakness
8. No naval Force
Establishment of British rule
The British east
India Company was struggling for gaining ground to establish itself permanently
on the subcontinent since 1600 A.D. The other European colonialist powers had
lost their will to keep themselves in row with the English because of their
superiority on seas. Lord Clive established English influence on sound footing
and returned to england in 1787 When no rival European power was left on the scene,
the English took advantage of the unsettled conditions of India and
consolidated themselves politically.They clevely played one local ruler against
the other and conquered India with the might of india.They demonstrated a great
diplomati skill and employed improved arms with a better knowledge of warfare.
The Indian rulers at last fell a victim to their own entanglement. They were either
forced to accept the authority of East India Company or to be completely wiped
off.This process of expansion of the British occupation OD India continued in
one form orthe other.Kingdom after kingdom fell and then English finally pushed
themselves ahead to succeed the mughuls.
Jehad Movement
Jehad Movement was started by Syed Ahmed
Barelvi and his companions in the first half of the 19th century.This movement
aimed at taking back control of India from the British and the Sikhs. Jehad
movement met some sucess in its early stage when the Mujahideen defeated Sikh
army and captured Peshawar.
Two Nation Theory
Separate
religion, language, architecture, culture and way of life. This theory formed
the basis of the Pakistan movement which finally led to the creation of Pakistan
in 1947. Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam were the greatest exponents of
Two-NationTheory.
In the view of Allama Iqbal:
"India
is a continent of human groups belonging to different races, speaking different
languages and professing different religions....Even the Hindus do not form a
homogeneous group.
Principle of
European democracy can not b applied to India without recognizing the fact of
communal groups the Muslims demand for the creation of a Muslim India within
India is, therefore, perfectly justified
“According to Quaid-e-Azam”
We maintain
and hold that Muslims and Hindus are two major nations by any definition or
test of a nation.We are a nation of a hundred million and what is more we are a
nation with our own distinct culture and civilization, language and literature,
art and architecture, names nad nomenclature, sense of values and
proportion"
It is the
theory that the Hindus and Muslims are two different nations because each of
them has a
Hindi-Urdu Controversy
(1867) Hindi- Urdu Controversy became the
focus of nation attention in 1867 when some Hindus of benarus tried to replace Urdu
with Hindi as the court language. Sir syed Ahmed was disappointed at the
anti-Muslim attitude of Hindus.
War of Independence
(1857) The muslim of the Sub-continent fought
a war of Independence in 1857 to overthrow the British Raj.However, this war
could not succeed because it lacked competent leadership, coordination troops ,
military and financial resources and modern weapons. After the war, the British
held the Muslim responsible for this catastrophe and unleashed a wave of
oppression and repression on them
Deoband Movement
Deoband movement was a socio-religious
movement of Indian in the later half of the 19th century. It was started by
Maulana Mohd Qasim Nanautvi in 1866. It aimed at educating the Muslims in
purely religious subjects by keeping English out of its syllabus. It laid
stress on
Ulema`s 22 Points
The Govt of
pakistan convened a convention of Ulema from 21-24th jan 1951 at karachi.The
convention was attended by 31 muslim religious scholars belonging to all sects
od Islam.The Ulema agreed on 22 points
Establishment
of Pakistan (Initial problems and events)
1.
Demarcation of boundaries.....Radcliffe`s Award
2. Congress Reaction
3. Uprooting of Muslim in Punjab
4. Refugees problem and their resettlement
5. Division of Armed forces and Military Assets
6. Division of financial Assets
7. Canal Water
Dispute
8. Accession of Princely states (junagarh, Kashmir and Hyderabad)
9. Economic problems and political problems
10. Constitutional problem
11. Death of Quaid-e-Azam
Six Points of Mujid-ur-rehman
In Feb 1966,
Sheikh Mujib the leader of Awami league announced his 6 points, which demanded
maximum autonomy for East pakistan.Later on, these points became the basis for
the separation movement by Bengalis.
Liaquat -
Nehru Pact
Liaquat Ali
khan and Nehru signed a pact on 8th April 1950 in delhi.According to this
agreement, both the countries agreed to protect the rights of their minorities
and undertook to stop propaganda against each other.
Simla Accord
The 1971
Indo-pak was abd the insurgency of bengalis resulted in the separation of East
Pakistan. The way brought in its wake many issue, which included the release of
POWs, trial of selected PoWs, return of Baharis to Pakistan and recognition of Bangladesh.
In July 1972, Z.A.Bhutto and Indira Gandhi signed an Accord in simla which is
historically known as simla accord
Nadva-tul-Ulema,
Luckno In 1894, Nadva-tu-Ulema, Lucknow was
founded by Maulana Abdul Ghafoor and Maulana Shibli Nomani. Nadva aimed at
reforming Muslim society by imparting both ecclesiastical and secular knowledge
to for detail
__________________
Languages of Pakistan
Pakistan is
a multi-lingual country. About thirty-one distinct languages are spoken in
pakistan, not counting a number of dialects, but no single language is commonly
spoken or understood in all parts of the country.Many of the languages are
spoken by a relatively small proportion of the population and some are not even
commonly written, but sentiment and association among the speakers is almost
invariably opposed to absorption into one of the larger units. With minor
exception all the languages are also spoken outside the country Ratio of
languages of Pakistan
1. Urdu (7.6)
2. Punjabi (44.1)
3. Pushto (15.4)
4. Sindhi (14.1)
5. Balochi (3.6)
6. Saraiki (10.5)
7. Others (4.7)
POPULATION OF PAKISTAN
BY RELIGION
According to census of 1981, religion-wise population of Pakistan was as under
1. Muslim =
81,450,057
2.
Christians = 1,310,426
3. Hindus =
1,276,116
4. Ahmadis =
104,244
5. Bhuddist
= 2639
6. Parsis =
7007 7. Others = 103,155
Economics of
Pakistan (Five Year Plans)
So far the government of Pakistan has launched
the following nine five year plans. (1975 to 1978) is regarded as no plan
period
1. First
five year plan (1955-60)
2. Second
five year plan (1960-65)
3. Third
five year plan (1965-70)
4. Fourth
five year plan (1970-75)
5. Fifth
five year plan (1978-83)
6. Sixth
five year plan (1983-88)
7. Seventh
five year plan (1988-93)
8. Eighth
five year plan (1993-98)
9. Ninth
five year plan (1998-2003)
Important Rivers Of Pakistan
PUNJAB: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej
SINDH: Hub,
Mir Nadi, Arl Nadi
NWFP: Indus,
Kabul, Swat, Bara, Chitral, Zhob, Panjkora, Gomal, Kurram
BALUCHISTAN:
Hangol, Nari, Bolan, Dasht, Mula, Rakhshan, Pashin Lora
The Largest in Pakistan
Air Lines:
PIA
Air Port:
Quaid-e-azam International Airport,
Khi Bank:
State bank of Pakistan.
The largest
commercial bank is Habib bank Ltd with Rs. 194.6 billion desposit
Barrage:
Sukkur Barrage City: Karachi, Estimated population 9.9 millions Canal: Lloyd
Barrage Canal Dam: Tarbela Dam (vol 148 million cubic metres)
Desert: Thar
(sindh) Division: Kalat division (Baluchistan), Area 1, 38,633 sq km District:
Khuzdar (Baluchistan)
Fort: Rani
Kot (sindh) Gas Field: Sui Gas Field, Baluchistan Hospital: Nishtar Hospital,
Multan Hydro-Electric
Power Station:
Tarbela (3478 MW) Industrial Unit: Pakistan Steel Mills, Karachi Industry:
Textile
Industry Island:
Manora (Karachi) Jungle: Chhanga Manga (kasur) Lake (Artificial): Keenjhar Lake
(sindh)
Lake
(natural): Manchhar Lake, Dadu (sindh)
Library: The
Punjab public Library, Lahore (Punjab)
Mine: Salt Mines,
Khewra (Punjab)
Mosque: Shah
Faisal Mosque, Isl
Motorway:
Lahore-Islamabad, motorway
Museum:
National Museum, Karachi
Newspaper:
Jang (Urdu); the news (eng)
Nuclear Reactor:
Karachi Nuclear Power plant (KANUPP)
Oil Field:
Dhurnal Oil Field
Park: Ayub
National Park,
Rawalpindi
Radio station: Islamabad
Railway station:
Lahore
River: Indus
River
University:
Punjab University, Lahore
The Longest in Pakistan
Coast:
Balochistan (771 kms long)
Frontier:
Pak-Afghan border (2252 kms)
Railway Platform:
Rohri (sindh), Length 1894 feet
Railway track:
Karachi to Landi
Kotal Road:
Karachi to Peshawar
Tunnel
(railway): Khojak Baluchistan (2.43 miles)
Tunnel (road):
Lowari (5 miles)
Tunnel
(water): Warsak Dam Tunnel (3.5 miles)
The Tallest in Pakistan
Tower:
Minar-e-pakistan (height 196 feet 8 inches)
Minart: Four
Minarets of Shah Faisal Mosque with height of 286 feet each
Mountain pass:
Muztagh Pass (Height 19030 feet)
Mountain peak:
K-2 (karakoram) height 28269 feet
Mountain Passes of Pakistan
1. Muztagh
Pass
2. Karakoram
Pass
3. Khan Kun
Pass
4. Zagar
Pass
5. Kilik
Pass
6. Khunjrab
Pass
7. Mintaka
Pass
8. Dorath
Pass
9. Babusar
Pass
10. Shandur
Pass
11. Lowari
Pass
12. Buroghil
Pass
13. Khyber
Pass
14. Shimshal
Pass
15. Ganshero
Pass
16. Tochi
Pass
17. Gomal
Pass
18. Durgai
Pass
19. Malakand
Pass
Foreign Banks Operating In Pakistan
1. ABN Amro
Bank N.V.
2. Albaraka
Islamic Bank BSC (EC)
3. American
Express Bank Ltd
4. Standard
Chartared Grindlays Bank Ltd
5. Bank of
Tokyo Mitsubisho Ltd
6. Bank of
Ceylon
7. Citibank
N.A
8. Deutsche
Bank A.G
9. Emirates
Bank International Ltd
10. Habib
bank A.G Zurich
11. Mashreq
Bank P.S.C
12. Oman
Internation Bank S.O.A.G
13 Rupali
Bank Ltd
14. Standard
Chartered Bank Saindak Metal (Pvt) Ltd.
The Saindak Metal
is the first
important metal mining project in pakistan.It is designed to produce 15810
tonnes of blister copper annually which contained gold (1.47 tonnes) and silver
(2.76 tonnes)
Metallic Minerals in Pakistan
Alum: Kalat,
Khairpur, Peshawar, Quetta
Antimony: Karangli,
Qila Abdullah, Shekran
Arsenic: Gilgit,
Londku Bauxite: Dhamman, Jhal, Muzaffarabad, And Niazpur
Chromite: Lasbela,
Malakand, Muslim bagh, Raskoh
Copper: Koh Marani,
Kalat, Maranj, Pishin, Saindak
Gold: Chitral,
Gilgit, Karak, Mardan, Lasbella
Iron Ore: Chitral,
Chilgazi, Kalabagh, Rashkoh
Lead: Chiral,
Khuzdar, Lasbella, Mardan
Magnesite: Kalat,
Khumhar, Abbottabad, Zhob
Manganese:
Haji Mohd Khan, Abbottabad, Zhob
Silver:
Saindak (Baluchistan)
Non-Metallic Minerals in Pakistan
Asbestos:
Char Bagh, Chitral, D.I Khan, Zhob
Calcite: Lasbella,
Zhob China Clay: Hazara, Multan, Peshawar, And Rawalpindi
Coal: Dandot,
Degari, Makarwal
Dolomite:
D.I Khan, Jhimpir, Rawal pindi
Flourite: Chitral,
Dir, Hazara Glass sand: Bande sadiq, Mianwali, Salt Range
Graphite: Chitral,
Hazara, Khyber
Gypsum: Dadu,
D.I khan, Hyderabad, Kohat, Sibi, Quetta
Limestone: Daudkhel,
D.I Khan, Hyderabad, Kalat, Rohri
Marble: Attock,
Chagi, Gilgit, Hazara, Mardan, Swat
Natural Gas:
Dhurnal, Kandhkot, Mayal, Mari, Sui, Tut, Uch
Precious Stones:
Chitral, Hunza, Malakand, Swat Salt: Bahadur Khel, Khewra,
Kalabagh Silica:
Dandot, Hazara, Jangshahi, Makarwal
Sulphur: Chitral,
Hyderabad, Kalat, Koh sultan
NATIONAL ANTHEM OF PAKISTAN National Anthem of pakistan was
written by renowned poet " Hafeez Jullundari " in 1954.The anthem
consist of 50 words arranged in 15 lines.Renowned musician "Abdul Karim
Chhagle" composed the Anthem.A total number of 11 male and female singers
took part in its musical composition.Pakistan national anthem was first played
on 13th august, 1954 before "Shah of Iran Raza Shah Pehlavi".
National Saving Organization (NSO)
The NSO
works under the Directorate of National Saving. The directorate has 12 regions
and 365 branches in Pakistan. It offers many saving schemes which include
saving account, Defence Saving Certificates, Khas Deposit Certificates, Postal
Life Insurance, Mahana Amdani Accounts and Prize Bonds
National Holidays
1. Pakistan republic day (23rd march)
2. Labour
day (1st may)
3. Bank
Holiday (1st July)
4.
Independence day (14th Aug)
5. Defence
day (6th Sep)
6. Death
Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam (11th Sep)
7. Birth
Anniversay of Allama Iqbal (9th Nov)
8. Birth
Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam (25th dec)
In addition,
the govt of Pakistan notifies holidays on Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid -ul-Uzha, Ashura
Muharram and Eid Milad-un-Nabi according to Islamic Calendar
Press Organization of Pakistan
1. APNS:
All-Pakistan News Agency
2. PFUJ:
Pakistan Federal Union of Jounalists
3. APNEC:
All-Pakistan News Employees Confederation
4. NECP: Newspapers Editors Council of
Pakistan
NEWS AGENCIES OF PAKISTAN
1. APP:
Associated Press of Pakistan
2. INP:
Independent News of Pakistan
3. IPS:
Islamabad Press Service
4. PPI:
Pakistan Press International
More Information of Pakistan
* Syed Ahmed
khan wrote " Khutbat-i-Ahmadiya " on 1869 in reply to william muir`s
" Life of Mohammad"
* Sir Syed
retired from service in 1976
* The total
area of Pakistan is 796096 square kilometres (307374 sq mi)
* There are
27 divisions and 108 districts in Pakistan
* The total
number of primary schools are 169, 087, middle schools are 19180 and high
schools are 13108.
* The number
of registered doctors are 92248, Nurses are 40114 and Dentists are 4622.
* The first
postage stamp of Pakistan issued on 9th July, 1948
* The first
census of Pakistan was conducted on 9th Feb, 1951
* Gen. Ayub
khan took over as the president on 17th Feb, 1960 and Gen. A M Yahya khan took
over on 31st mar.1969.
* PPP was
founded by ZA Bhutto on 30th Nov, 1967.
* The 1973
Constitution of Pakistan promulgated on 12th April, 1973.
* Dr. Abdul
Salam was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in Physics on 15th Oct, 1979.
__________________
Objectives Resolution The Contituent Assembly approved the
objective resolution on 12th mar,1949.It embodied the basic principles for the
future contituent of pakistan.The objective resolution stated that the
sovereignty belonged to Allah and declared that the Muslims of pakistan would
lead their lives according to the principles of Islam and The minorities would
b free to practise their religions.
Rann of Kutch Rann of Kutch
Rann of Kutch Rann of Kutch is a wide stretch
of marshy land situated towards the south-east of Pakistan. In 1965 this area
became a scene of border clash betweem India and Pak.
Indus water
Treaty Indus water treaty was signed by India and Pakistan in 1960to resolve
the outstanding canal water dispute between the two countriesFirst Constituent
Assembly
First
constituent assembly held its first meeting on 10th august,1947.Originally it
comprised of 69 members of Central legislature belonging to punjab,sindh,NWFP
and Baluchistan.Later on,the numer of members was raised to 79.This first
constituent assemble was dissolved by ghulam mohammad in oct,1954.more
Early-Governments-and-Constitution Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam, Lahore
Anjuman himayat-e-Islam, Lahore was established
in 1884. Khalifa hameeduddin and Maulvi Ghulam Ullah were elected as its first
president and secretary respectively.Later on, the Anjuman opened many
educational and welfare institutionsion Lahore. Out of these Islamia College
Railway road became very famous. The students of Islamia College arranged the
annual meeting of Muslim league at Lahore on 23rd march 1940 which passed Lahore
resolution.In 1875, Muhammad Anglo-Oriental High school was founded by Sir Syed
Ahmed khan. Two years later, in 1877 it was given the status of a college. It
functioned from 1877 to 1919 and educated thousands of Muslim students who
formed the vanguard of Pakistan Movement.This College was given the status of a
Muslim university in 1920, after the death of Sir Syed Ahmed khan.